What are the four substances that foraging bees collect?

Foraging bees collect four primary substances essential for the functioning of the hive and the well-being of the colony. These substances are nectar, water, pollen, and propolis.

Nectar is the primary food source for bees, which they convert into honey through a process of digestion and evaporation. This honey serves as a critical source of energy for the entire colony, especially during times when food is scarce.

Water is equally important as it helps to regulate the hive's temperature and humidity. Bees collect water to dilute honey and help with hive hygiene as they use it to clean the cells.

Pollen is a key protein source and is vital for the growth and development of bee larvae. Worker bees gather pollen and store it in the hive, where it becomes the main protein food for the brood.

Propolis, a resinous mixture that bees gather from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources, is used to seal cracks in the hive, provide structural support, and protect against microbial invasion. Its antimicrobial properties help maintain the health of the colony.

The other options focus on different combinations of substances, but the correct answer encapsulates the four essential substances that foraging bees actively collect and utilize within the hive.