What are the primary functions of bee dances?

The primary functions of bee dances, particularly the well-known "waggle dance," are to convey information about the distance and direction of resources such as food sources to other members of the hive. When a foraging bee discovers nectar or pollen, it returns to the hive and performs a dance that communicates the location of this resource relative to the sun’s position. The duration of the waggle phase indicates distance, while the angle of the dance in relation to the vertical comb indicates direction. This sophisticated form of communication is crucial for the efficiency and success of the hive, allowing worker bees to locate food sources quickly and effectively.

Other potential functions of bee dances, such as attracting mates or marking territory, do not align with the established understanding of how bees use dances to optimize foraging behavior. Similarly, while warning of predators is important for bees, this is typically communicated through other behaviors and signals, rather than through dance. Thus, the correct answer highlights the essential role of bee dances in the colony's foraging strategy, particularly in relation to distance and direction.