What is the function of propolis in a beehive?

Propolis plays a crucial role in the maintenance and protection of the beehive. It is a resinous substance collected by bees from various plant sources, particularly tree buds and sap flows. The primary function of propolis in a beehive is to seal cracks and crevices, thereby providing structural integrity and enhancing the hive's overall defense against predators and pathogens. This sealing capability helps to regulate the internal environment by maintaining humidity and temperature, which is vital for the health of the colony and the development of the brood. Additionally, propolis has antimicrobial properties that help inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, thus contributing to the overall hygiene of the hive. This protective function is essential for the survival and thriving of the bee colony.