What is the primary function of male honey bees?

The primary function of male honey bees, known as drones, is to mate with queens. Drones are specifically developed for this purpose; they are larger than worker bees and lack stingers, which makes them ill-equipped for tasks such as defending the hive or foraging. During the mating season, drones emerge from the hive and congregate in areas known as drone congregation areas, where they wait for a queen to fly by. Successful mating occurs in mid-air, and afterward, the drone typically dies because his reproductive organs are left with the queen.

While drones do not contribute to hive maintenance, nectar collection, or honey production—tasks primarily handled by worker bees—their role in reproduction is vital for the continuation of the colony. Each successful mating contributes to the genetic diversity and vitality of the bee population, making the role of drones essential to the overall health of honey bee colonies.